By Jean M. Rüeger
ISBN-10: 3540611592
ISBN-13: 9783540611592
This article offers an up to date creation into digital distance dimension (EDM) with a finished assessment of contemporary gear and systems. it really is excellently suitable as a textual content for undergraduate and graduate scholars and a useful reference for working towards surveyors, geodesists and different scientists utilizing EDM as a measuring device. This fourth version of a textual content first released in Sydney in 1978 is predicated on Rüeger's educating event on the collage of latest South Wales in Sydney, Australia.
Introductory chapters offer an summary of correct legislation of physics and easy rules of other forms of EDM tools. the subsequent chapters learn pace corrections, derive geometrical rate reductions from first rules and clarify the layout of cutting-edge electro-optical distance meters. the ultimate chapters introduce reflectors, strength resources and software error, and finish with dimension and research tactics for the calibration of distance meters.
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Additional resources for Electronic Distance Measurement: An Introduction
Example text
Principle of positioning on the basis of two measured phase (or range) differences. The position is determined by intersecting hyperbolae. The master transmitter and the two slave transmitters are denoted by M and S/IS2 , respectively where L\4> = measured phase difference at station R 4>M' 4>s = phase angles of the M and S transmitters respectively f = frequency of the M and S transmitters c = velocity of light in air MR = distance between transmitter M and receiver R SR = distance between transmitter S and receiver R.
Most of these baselines follow the geometrical design of the Nummela baseline. Measurements 29 on the Munich baseline with a Kern Mekometer ME 5000 indicate that the scale of the two determinations is not different. 2 mm only (Meier and Loser 1986). VaisliUi baselines have also been used to field calibrate precision distance meters prior and subsequent to determining a general purpose EDM calibration baseline (Maurer et al. 1988; Humphries 1989). 30 4 Basic Working Principles of Electronic Distance Meters EDM instruments are classified according to the type of carrier wave employed.
Counting the bright (or dark) fringes of an optical interference pattern in the case of light waves. 3. Counting the cycles of the Doppler signal ("Doppler counts") per second in the case of radio waves. 38) may be written as: v =tfnA . 39) The distance travelled by the instrument between time tl and time t2 is t2 d 12 = S tfn Adt . 40) tl The Doppler method is used in surveying and metrology for distance measurements of highest precision. The Hewlett-Packard HP 5526A and HP 5528A Laser Measurement Systems (laser interferometers) employ the Doppler effect to measure distances travelled by a reflector with a resolution of 10 nm.
Electronic Distance Measurement: An Introduction by Jean M. Rüeger
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